科学家“找”回第二个野生玉米高蛋白基因

\u003cdiv class=\"rich_media_content\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e人民网北京6月5日电 (记者赵竹青)玉米是我国第一大粮食作物，素有“饲料之王”的美誉。但是，我国玉米蛋白含量普遍偏低，动物饲料的蛋白来源依赖豆粕。记者从\u003c!--SECURE_LINK_BEGIN_0--\u003e中国科学院\u003c!--SECURE_LINK_END_0--\u003e获悉，针对这一问题，中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心团队等成功克隆出第二个高蛋白主效基因\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_BEGIN_0--\u003eTHP3-T\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_END_0--\u003e。团队将该基因与前期挖掘的首个高蛋白基因\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_BEGIN_1--\u003eTHP9-T\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_END_1--\u003e聚合后，玉米自交系籽粒蛋白含量从10%提升至15%。相关研究成果近日发表在《自然》上。\u003c!--EOP_0--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_0--\u003e \u003cp\u003e我国玉米年产约3亿吨。如果全国饲用玉米蛋白含量能提升4个百分点达到12%以上，所增加的蛋白总量相当于3000多万吨大豆。因此，培育高蛋白玉米替代饲料中的豆粕，是缓解饲料蛋白短缺的有效途径之一。\u003c!--EOP_1--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_1--\u003e \u003cp\u003e研究发现野生玉米蛋白含量可达30%，而在九千多年的驯化与现代育种历程中，缺乏针对蛋白含量的定向选择，使大部分优异基因在现代玉米中“丢失”。\u003c!--AI_MID_AD_0--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e团队此前在野生玉米中挖掘到首个高蛋白基因THP9-T，初步提升了玉米主栽品种的蛋白含量，但要进一步提高玉米蛋白含量，依旧困难重重。经过多年攻关，科研团队创制了第二个高蛋白THP3的高世代遗传群体，通过精细定位和图位克隆，挖掘到第二个高蛋白基因THP3-T。\u003c!--EOP_2--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_2--\u003e \u003cp\u003e多年多点的田间试验表明，在不影响产量的前提下，该基因可提高自交系籽粒蛋白含量，提升全株蛋白含量，并赋予植株在低氮条件下保持生物量及蛋白含量的\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_BEGIN_2--\u003e氮高效特性\u003c!--VERTICAL_CARD_END_2--\u003e。\u003c!--EOP_3--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_3--\u003e \u003cp\u003e这项研究在理论上揭示了高蛋白玉米形成的分子机制，并在应用层面提出了豆粕替代新路径。目前，团队已完成80余个国内玉米主栽品种亲本改良。团队下一步将探索构建从基因挖掘、种质创制到新型饲料加工的全产业链模式，助力粮食安全与农业新质生产力发展。\u003c!--EOP_4--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_4--\u003e\u003cstyle\u003e.rich_media_content{--news-tabel-th-night-color: #444444;--news-font-day-color: #333;--news-font-night-color: #d9d9d9;--news-bottom-distance: 22px}.rich_media_content p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:.5px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance);word-wrap:break-word}.rich_media_content .qn-editor-copy p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:unset;line-height:unset;margin-bottom:unset;word-wrap:unset}.rich_media_content{color:var(--news-font-day-color);font-size:18px}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:.5px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance);word-wrap:break-word}body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content .qn-editor-copy p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]):not(.qn-editor-copy){letter-spacing:unset;line-height:unset;margin-bottom:unset;word-wrap:unset}body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content{color:var(--news-font-night-color)}}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:.5px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance);word-wrap:break-word}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content .qn-editor-copy p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:unset;line-height:unset;margin-bottom:unset;word-wrap:unset}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content{color:var(--news-font-night-color)}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content{font-size:18px}.rich_media_content p[data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]{margin-bottom:11px}.rich_media_content\u003ediv:not(.qnt-video),.rich_media_content\u003esection{margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance)}.rich_media_content hr{margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance)}.rich_media_content .link_list{margin:0;margin-top:20px;min-height:0!important}.rich_media_content blockquote{background:#f9f9f9;border-left:6px solid #ccc;margin:1.5em 10px;padding:.5em 10px}.rich_media_content blockquote p{margin-bottom:0!important}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content blockquote{background:#323232}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content blockquote{background:#323232}}.rich_media_content ol[data-ex-list]{--ol-start: 1;--ol-list-style-type: decimal;list-style-type:none;counter-reset:olCounter calc(var(--ol-start,1) - 1);position:relative}.rich_media_content ol[data-ex-list]\u003eli\u003e:first-child::before{content:counter(olCounter,var(--ol-list-style-type)) '. 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